PROXIMICS - Spatial Zones

PROXIMICS - Spatial Zones

Edward Hall has identified the following four zones that are in the form of concentric circles around the human body. Since the distances vary among cultures, the density of population and status, each zone has been indicated with a range of distances:
(i) Intimate zone
This zone extends up to 0.5 meters from the body and is considered to have the most important influence on the behavior of individuals. This is a zone that an individual guards as if it is his own property. Only those very close to the individual are permitted to enter this zone viz., spouse, parents, lovers, close friends and relatives. With these persons, not many words are used in communication – whispers take the place of spoken words. Eye contacts, handshake, and pat at the back are noticed often. Nature of communication is more intimate.
It has a sub-zone extending to first 0.15 meter from the body. This is a close intimate zone that can be entered only during physical contact.
(ii) Personal zone
This covers the space from 0.5 to 1.2 meters from the body. This is the distance observed during friendly gatherings, social functions, office parties, etc. People speak in monotones or use low pitch voice with close friends, colleagues, associates, and visitors. Communication is more personal and is carried out in a relaxed and casual way. Much of the responses are spontaneous, leading to important decisions which are the hallmark of this space.
(iii) Social zone
This space extends from 1.2 to 3.5 meters. This space is ideal for formal parties and relationships are mostly official. Most of the business is carried out in this space - a lot of reason and logic comes into play and much of the future planning is done. A man is a social being and this space becomes critical for a person on the move in the hierarchy of business and thus forms the most critical zone.
(iv) Public zone
This zone covers the space beyond 3.5 meters from the body and covers the distance at which people can hear and see. The distance between the person and the group he is addressing or making presentation to would be over 3.5 meters. This zone requires the use of more formal language; communication is more detached and impersonal in perception. One has to raise the voice to be heard clearly.